A multivariate analysis revealed that a higher N stage [odds ratio (OR): 2.953, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.286–6.783, p = 0.011], higher cancer stage (OR: 1.898, 95% CI: 1.050–3.430, p = 0.034), CD15 positivity (OR: 1.929, 95% CI: 1.132–3.288, p = 0.016), CD44 positivity (OR: 2.960, 95% CI: 1.137–7.704, p = 0.026), CD166 positivity (OR: 7.485, 95% CI: 4.333–12.930, p < 0.001), and ALDH1A1 positivity (OR: 3.736, 95% CI: 1.467–9.515, p = 0.006) were independently associated with a shorter PFS. Here, CD44 is linked to cancer.