Occasional NFE2L2 and KEAP1 mutations were recently identified as part of whole-exome sequencing analysis of patient cohorts with Hürthle-cell (oncocytic) thyroid carcinoma (HCC) (56, 57), a type of differentiated thyroid carcinoma characterized by cells with abundant but dysfunctional mitochondria. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is thyroid gland carcinoma.