In fact, in the pre-clinical setting, blockade of receptors for CCL2 or preventing immune cells from being activated reduces BP, in addition to slowing the development of atherosclerosis and vascular hypertrophy (Aiyar et al., 1999; Bush et al., 2000; Elmarakby et al., 2007; Chan et al., 2012; Chang et al., 2014; Santisteban et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2015). Here, CCL2 is linked to atherosclerosis.