As LXs, synthetic RvE1 protects against IBD induction in animal models improving survival, body weight, histological scores of disease by decreasing PMN infiltration, and gene expression of TNF-α, IL-12, iNOS, and COX-2 in TNBS model (Arita et al., 2005) and by the induction of the intestinal epithelial expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALPI) and decreasing phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 Ser276 and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in DSS model (Campbell et al., 2010; Ishida et al., 2010). Here, TNF is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.