Other studies showed that phospho-STAT3 triggered abnormal dimerization of STAT3, increased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl2, Bcl-xl, and MMP2/9, and promoted proliferation, survival, and migration/invasion in ovarian cancer [49, 50], liver cancer [51] and retinoblastoma [52] cells. Here, MMP2 is linked to ovarian cancer.