In addition, the ME and PN signature genes exhibited distinctly different expression patterns corresponding to the miR-504/FZD7 ratio (Fig. 7c), and the ratio correlated negatively with ME score (R = − 0.580, P < 0.001, Pearson correlation test, Fig. 7d) as well as several well-known ME markers, i.e., CD44, YKL-40 (chitinase 3–like 1), vimentin, and SNAI2 (Additional file 11: Figure S5b) in patients with GBM. Here, CHI3L1 is linked to glioblastoma.