VEGFA and urinary bladder cancer: VEGFxxxb isoforms present more than half of the total VEGF expressed in vitreous fluid, circulating plasma, urine, renal cortex, colonic epithelium, bladder smooth muscle, lung and pancreatic islets, whereas in tissues with physiological angiogenesis (placenta) or pathological angiogenesis (melanoma, colorectal or bladder cancer cells) VEGFxxx isoforms represent the majority of total VEGF [8].