Cxcl9, Gbp1 (encoding the interferon-γ-induced guanylate binding protein GBP1 identified here as one of the top 10 induced genes when comparing active versus treated cases), and Ifng were also identified as part of a common signature of 26 genes upregulated in blood, spleen and liver throughout the course of experimental infection with L. donovani in susceptible BALB/c mice, with Cxcl9 and Gbp1 reported as hub genes from a STRING analysis [24]. Here, GBP1 is linked to infection.