Welak et al. (2014) observed that NOX2-mediated oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the progression of necrotizing enterocolitis. In another study, the activation of the inflammasome by NOX2-derived ROS was shown to promote ileal mucositis induced by irinotecan, a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits topoisomerase I (Arifa et al., 2014). The gene discussed is CYBB; the disease is mucositis.