Furthermore, it is known that renal injury has a close relationship with the development of renal fibrosis and, during this process, tubular epithelial cells in the kidney undergo EMT via upregulating β-catenin/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) signaling and MMP-7 (Liu, 2004; Shibata et al., 2009). The gene discussed is LEF1; the disease is renal fibrosis.