Since increased renal expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was reported in DEX-treated rats [36], and since TNF-α can stimulate local ACE expression [37], it will be important that future research investigate whether RAS and inflammatory cytokines produced by the immune system closely interplay and synergistically promote elevation of BP in the DEX+HF offspring [38]. The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is hydrops fetalis.