For example, curcumin has been shown to downregulate IGF-1R and INSR in colorectal cancer cells, and to block IGF-induced activation of IGF-1R, PI3K-AKT and mTOR, suppressing carcinogen-driven skin tumorigenesis in an Igf-1 driven model [228,229]. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1R and colorectal cancer.