The multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that a history of alcoholism (HR, 1.813; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.081–3.039; P = 0.024), serum GGT level (HR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.002–1.010; P = 0.003), serum TP level (HR, 0.960; 95% CI, 0.929–0.992; P = 0.014) and serum AFP level (HR, 2.073; 95% CI, 1.232–3.487; P = 0.006) were independently associated with 1-year recurrence rate in patients with HBV-related HCC who had a single small primary tumor (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and alcohol dependence.