The loss of E-cadherin expression was mostly caused by Snail expression in our study, since the Twist and Snail are the most commonly expressed TFs in HNSCC 31, and the expression levels of Twist1 were unchanged in HNSCC cells after treatment with VP when E-cadherin was upregulated (Figure S3). This evidence concerns the gene CDH1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.