Our results demonstrated that BBR caused a marked reduction in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines that implicated in carcinogenesis, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, from MDA-MB-231 cells (Fig. 4), indicating that BBR treatment inhibited the maturation and secretion of cytokines and changed the tumor microenvironment. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.