These results were also observed in a previous study conducted by Michelle J. Chandley, PhD et al., who found that the expression levels of a glia-related gene, GFAP, analyzed by real-time PCR isolated from homogenized tissue that was punch-dissected from the LC and frontal cortex regions of decedents who had MDD and tissue samples from psychiatrically healthy controls, were similar, while the protein expression of GFAP and GFAP immunoreactivity were reduced in MDD samples compared with those in matched control samples [40]. Here, GFAP is linked to major depressive disorder.