INS and cancer: In the case of ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma, insulin/IGF-I receptor activation is known to exhibit function crosstalk with neurotensin and AT1 receptor post-receptor signaling via the Gq/PKC/PKD/MEK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/[Ca2+]i pathways, which may lead to the potentiation of DNA synthesis and cancer cell proliferation [21,22].