Transient increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines (for instance IL-6 and TNFα, on average between 1 and 6 h post-infection) followed by the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (for instance IL1-Ra and IL-10, on average between 3 and 8 h post-infection), were observed after LPS injection in all intervention studies. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is infection.