Therefore, the characterization of the main effects fatty acids have upon pancreatic β-cell physiology and the UPR pathway, and the repercussion on calcium homeostasis and insulin release, allow us to broaden our understanding of the different roles of fatty acids inside β-cells, which are important metabolites to take into account in explaining the damage and treatment of novel therapeutic targets in T2DM. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.