On the other hand, in HAND and ALS diseases, curcumin counteracts the excessive activation of autophagy in innate immunity, lowering chronic inflammation that participates in neurodegeneration (Figure 3), while in NPC1, curcumin restores the Ca2+ homeostasis, ameliorating the function of the autophagic flux. Here, NPC1 is linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.