Among the 47 potential pseudogenes, only high expression of three upregulated pseudogenes (AC007326.9, DUXAP8 and DUXAP9) and four downregulated pseudogenes (NUDT4P2, RP11-255H23.2, AF186192.5 and SLC2A3P1) indicated poorer and better OS and RFS in patients with ccRCC, respectively (Supplementary Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene DUXAP9 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.