One of the most frequent proteins up-regulated during bacterial infections is the cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS), CAS is a nuclear transport factor associated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated apoptosis, studies have suggested that in healthy cells, CAS acts as a switch of proliferation or apoptosis [76], and it has been linked to invasion and metastasis of cancer cells [77]. The gene discussed is CSE1L; the disease is cancer.