We have previously shown that TF/FVIIa signaling augments cytokine-induced pancreatic beta-cell death, which is proposed to contribute to diabetes (20), while others have coupled TF-mediated signaling to high-fat diet-induced obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance in mice (12,16,21,22). Here, TF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.