This approach can provide several notable advantages: (i) NGS is available in many academic centers and it has already become commonplace in clinical oncology [2]; (ii) NGS is less expensive than WES; (iii) NGS analysis shortens the assay turnaround times to < 10 days; which is the recommended timeframe for clinical decision making on the basis of molecular characterization of neoplasms [31]; (iv) in addition to TMB, NGS can also provide information on other critical prognostic and predictive factors (e.g. EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF in NSCLCs or KRAS, NRAS and BRAF in CRCs). Here, KRAS is linked to neoplasm.