The results of this study uncover the BAF complex ATPase SMARCA4 as a novel vulnerability in a subset of ESCC cell lines characterized by low or absent expression of SMARCA2 - a relationship reciprocal to the known synthetic lethal interaction between SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 in SMARCA4-deficient cancer cell lines25–27. The gene discussed is SMARCA2; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.