Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of tumour tissue revealed decrease in levels of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 protein expression as well as increase in level of LC3-I/II protein in Pae-treated and Pae + HCQ-treated tumour tissues, whereas the protein of p62 expression was decreased in Pae-treated tumour tissues but increased in Pae + HCQ-treated tumour tissues compared with the control group (Fig. 8d). This evidence concerns the gene MKI67 and neoplasm.