ATG13 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Since SOCS5 can regulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and then affect p-ULK1/p-ATG13, which play an important role in affecting autophagy19–21, we further examined the relationship between SOCS5 and autophagy-related protein expression in HCC cells that were transfected with GV141-SOCS5 or siSOCS5 #3 for 12, 24, or 48 h.