EDN1 and prostate carcinoma: Prostate cancer cells stimulate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward osteoblastic differentiation by secreting endothelin 1 (ET-1), wingless and Int1 proteins (Wnts), BMPs, TGFs, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs), leading to an increased number of osteoblasts.