ACE and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Among all subgroups, baseline subcategories with body mass index (BMI) lower than 30 kg/m2, patients with type 1 diabetes, clinically relevant smokers, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-treated subgroups showed mean improvement (more than −1 point) in NIS-LL in ALA-treated group after 4 years.