TNF and myelodysplastic syndrome: Marzano et al. (2014) performed protein arrays of patients with both pyoderma gangrenosum and Sweet syndrome, noting an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α.15 Increased levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor have also been associated with both acute myelogenous leukemia and Sweet’s syndrome.16 Recent research has found mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase protein, which activates oncogenes and inactivates tumor suppressor genes, in individuals with myelodysplastic syndrome and Sweet’s syndrome.17