KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer: While the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) showed small but significant improvements in CaP mortality with PSA screening, the Prostate Lung Colon Ovarian (PLCO) screening study showed PSA testing led to many unnecessary biopsies that caused significant morbidities including pain, sepsis, bleeding, and overdiagnosis.