A double-blind randomized crossover study on 24 hypogonadal men (2 Hypo-H, 8 Hyper-H, 14 mixed) with T2-DM demonstrated that TRT with 200 mg intramuscular testosterone propionate every 2 weeks for 3 months significantly reduced HbA1c and glucose levels, WC and waist/hip ratio, and significantly improved HOMA-IR, in patients not treated with insulin therapy, with a reduction of insulin dosing in 50% of insulin-treated patients (95). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.