INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: On the other hand, taurine-conjugated (T)UDCA reduced hepatic steatosis and enhanced the activity of insulin in mouse liver, muscle, and adipose tissues (Ozcan et al., 2006) as well as hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity in obese subjects (Kars et al., 2010), while glycine-conjugated (G)UDCA improved metabolic parameters in a mouse model of obesity (Sun et al., 2018).