Our previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of TF in tumor cells is related to high-level metastasis,11 and that the LC of FVII (lFVII) can be designed to serve as a molecular vehicle for the development of a targeted therapeutic agent based on its interaction with TF.12 Recently, we unexpectedly discovered a direct antibacterial activity towards Gram-negative Escherichia coli for lFVII; this strongly suggests that FVII is multifunctional and not merely an initiator of blood coagulation. This evidence concerns the gene TF and neoplasm.