To date, accumulating evidence suggests that tumor-associated PD-L1 can induce the apoptosis of activated T cells32, facilitate T-cell anergy and exhaustion5,48, enhance the function of regulatory T cells49,50, inhibit the proliferation of T cells51,52, and restrain impaired T-cell activation and IL-2 production53,54. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.