VCL and teratocarcinoma: Since the formation of TJs is reported to be affected by vinculin KO in mouse teratocarcinoma F9 cells (Watabe-Uchida et al, 1998), we examined vinculin’s role in the TJ’s paracellular barrier function by generating vinculin KO Eph4 cells (mammary epithelial cells) using the CRISPR-Cas9 system (Fig S1A).