Having established a fully immunocompetent platform for therapeutic testing, future steps will focus on the assessment of rational combination therapies, among others the combination of PD-1 blockade with modalities promoting tumor immunogenicity, such as cancer vaccines (Grenier et al., 2018) or immunogenic cell-death-promoting chemotherapy (Galluzzi et al., 2017). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.