GM-CSF was also included in the base platform virus from this program (Virus 16) since a number of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials have also encoded GM-CSF and clinical activity has been demonstrated, including talimogene laherparepvec which is U.S. FDA approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma [5], CG0070, an oncolytic adenovirus [32], and JX-594 (Pexavec; an oncolytic vaccinia virus [33]. Here, CSF2 is linked to melanoma.