SPP1 and cancer: These alterations of adipocytes were reproduced in adipocytes which were co-cultivated with cancer cells, showing less differentiated features of adipocytes with decreased expression of adipocyte markers such as adiponectin and resistin and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 11, osteopontin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 [1,8,9,21].