Meanwhile, Btk, Tec and Itk partially overlap not only in expression patterns but also in functions,66 and Tec has been reported to partially compensate for Btk functions in mice.10 Although the effects of Btk signalling on pathogenic microorganism infections are not exactly consented upon, there is no doubt about its importance in maintaining the balance of the immune microenvironment. Here, BTK is linked to infection.