Applying the knowledge gained from studies in diabetic nephropathy, and specifically relevant to pediatrics and nephrotic syndrome, components of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway have also been shown to be upregulated in humans with biopsy-proven FSGS, and that the changes in JAK-STAT are associated with key clinical features among patients with FSGS, suggesting a role in pathogenesis as well as a potential target for treatment (27). The gene discussed is SOAT1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.