To further confirm the role of the signaling pathway that regulated MHC-II during antigen presentation, MΦs were incubated with specific and control peptide inhibitors of TRAF-6 and NF-kB; a specific peptide inhibitor of IRAK-4/1, and a previously validated set of known inhibitors of MAPK, C-jun AP-1, and CREB.46 MΦs were then activated with C5 peptide, followed by infection with BCG and antigen presentation. This evidence concerns the gene TRAF6 and infection.