IL1B and gastric cancer: Zhu et al. found that IL-6 could upregulate the expression of CD44, a marker of cancer stem cells, in GC cells [45]; IL-1β may be involved in gastric dysplasia by regulating stromal cell-derived factor-1 [46]; and inhibition of COX2 could convert the preneoplastic lesions by the regulation of prostaglandin E-2 [47].