TNF and diabetes mellitus: Roggli et al. (6) observed in NOD mice (an animal model of autoimmune diabetes) that the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNFα increased the expression of miR-21, miR-34a, and miR-146a/b, all of which are related to β cell apoptosis, reduction of insulin secretion, and development of diabetes, highlighting their effect on the pathogenesis of diabetes.