Given the possible relevance of miR-101-5p and miR-204-5p in reducing insulin secretion and β cell death, both of which are paramount events in early T1D pathogenesis, we analyzed their expression in serum samples from four clinical groups that included patients with recent-onset autoimmune diabetes, individuals without diabetes expressing single or multiple islet autoantibodies, and healthy controls. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.