On the other hand, transplanted BMSCs reduce neuronal apoptosis and promote neuronal proliferation through releasing of neurotrophins, growth factors and other supportive substances (Kinnaird et al., 2004; Qu et al., 2007; Deng et al., 2010; Wakabayashi et al., 2010; Shichinohe et al., 2015), increasing axonal sprouting and promoting axonal plasticity (van Velthoven et al., 2012) after stroke. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and Stroke.