In addition, the small heat shock protein HSP15.4 and S1P were activated in DS deciduous but repressed in DS evergreens, indicating that deciduous oaks prevented DS damage by increased chaperone activity (Al-Whaibi 2011) and by stimulating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway, which can occur when unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER (Liu et al. 2007). This evidence concerns the gene MBTPS1 and Dravet syndrome.