TGFB1 and neoplasm: In addition, mathematical modeling demonstrated that spatial gradients of EMT-inducing molecules, such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) from the tumor stromal boundary, promoted Notch-Jagged/Notch-Delta signaling to control CSC development, with M CSCs on the edge of the tumor (being exposed to high levels of TGF-β and EMT signals) and E or hybrid CSCs on the interior (being exposed to less TGF-β and EMT signals) [10].