VEGFA and Hypertension: In humans, consumption of additional choline (930 vs. 480 mg choline/day) during the third trimester of pregnancy reduced the production of placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) [50] (Table 1), an anti-angiogenic protein that sequesters vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in maternal circulation and contributes to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia.