IFNA1 and cancer: In addition to the cancer cell lines, tumor infiltrating immune cells including macrophages express PD-L1 [16]and we showed that PD-L1 targeting IFN-α was able to induce more IP-10 production than the nontargeting anti-TeTx-IFN-α fusion in a PD-L1 positive macrophage cell line (Fig 2C).