FOS and intracerebral hemorrhage: Intracerebral hemorrhage rapidly elicits inflammatory responses within the brain that are characterized by the early production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6 and TNF‐α by neuroglia, which exacerbates BBB disruption and brain edema.27, 28, 29 As presently reported, ICH induced an upregulation of AP‐1 predominantly in microglia within 6 hours after onset.